Improve clarity of PROTOCOL.md

2026-06-08 22:38:01 -06:00 · 2026-04-23 15:36:27 -06:00
parent 6c91b40441
commit 1fe6275169
7 changed files with 1483 additions and 676 deletions
@@ -444,13 +444,6 @@ dependencies = [
 "libc",
 ]
 [[package]]
 name = "no-alloc-network-test"
 version = "0.1.0"
 dependencies = [
 "libc",
 ]
 [[package]]
 name = "num-traits"
 version = "0.2.19"
@@ -1,21 +1,675 @@
-MIT License
+# GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
-Copyright (c) 2025 Michael Mikovsky
+Version 3, 29 June 2007
-Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+<https://fsf.org/>
 in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
 to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
 copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
 furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
-The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this
-copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+license document, but changing it is not allowed.
-THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+## Preamble
-IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+
-FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+The GNU General Public License is a free, copyleft license for
-AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+software and other kinds of works.
-LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+
-OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+The licenses for most software and other practical works are designed
-SOFTWARE.
+to take away your freedom to share and change the works. By contrast,
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 ## How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
 If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
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        <one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
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        GNU General Public License for more details.
        You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
        along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper
 mail.
 If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short
 notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode:
        <program>  Copyright (C) <year>  <name of author>
        This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
        This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
        under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
 The hypothetical commands \`show w' and \`show c' should show the
 appropriate parts of the General Public License. Of course, your
 program's commands might be different; for a GUI interface, you would
 use an "about box".
 You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or
 school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if
 necessary. For more information on this, and how to apply and follow
 the GNU GPL, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your
 program into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine
 library, you may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary
 applications with the library. If this is what you want to do, use the
 GNU Lesser General Public License instead of this License. But first,
 please read <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/why-not-lgpl.html>.
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
 [unstable]
 build-std = ["core"]
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
 # This file is automatically @generated by Cargo.
 # It is not intended for manual editing.
 version = 4
 [[package]]
 name = "no-alloc-network-test"
 version = "0.1.0"
@@ -1,14 +1,12 @@
 [package]
 name = "no-alloc-network-test"
-version.workspace = true
+version = "0.1.0"
-edition.workspace = true
+edition = "2024"
-authors.workspace = true
+authors = ["ASTATIN3"]
-license.workspace = true
+license = "MIT"
-repository.workspace = true
+repository = "https://github.com/Astatin3/unshell"
-include.workspace = true
+include = ["LICENSE", "**/*.rs", "Cargo.toml"]
-[dependencies]
+[workspace]
 libc = "0.2"
-[lints]
+[dependencies]
 workspace = true
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 //! # TCP Network Stack using Raw Syscalls
 //!
-//! A TCP server using raw syscalls via libc - no std::net, no smoltcp.
+//! A TCP server using raw x86/64 Linux syscalls via inline assembly - no libc, no std.
 //!
 //! ## Usage
 //! ```bash
@@ -9,195 +9,393 @@
 //! ```
 #![no_std]
 #![no_main]
-use core::mem::zeroed;
+use core::arch::asm;
 use libc::{
    AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, accept, bind, close, listen, read, sockaddr_in, socket, socklen_t, write,
 };
 const PORT: u16 = 1337;
 const BACKLOG: i32 = 128;
-fn main() -> Result<(), NetError> {
+const AF_INET: i32 = 2;
-    let server_fd = create_socket()?;
+const SOCK_STREAM: i32 = 1;
-    bind_socket(server_fd, PORT)?;
+const IPPROTO_IP: i32 = 0;
    listen_socket(server_fd, BACKLOG)?;
-    println!("TCP Server listening on port {}", PORT);
+const SYS_SOCKET: i32 = 41;
 const SYS_BIND: i32 = 49;
 const SYS_LISTEN: i32 = 50;
 const SYS_ACCEPT: i32 = 43;
 const SYS_WRITE: i32 = 1;
 const SYS_CLOSE: i32 = 3;
 const SYS_EXIT: i32 = 60;
 #[repr(C)]
 struct SockAddrIn {
    sin_family: u16,
    sin_port: u16,
    sin_addr: u32,
    sin_zero: [u8; 8],
 }
 #[repr(C)]
 struct SockLen {
    len: u32,
 }
 impl SockLen {
    fn new() -> Self {
        Self { len: core::mem::size_of::<SockAddrIn>() as u32 }
    }
 }
 #[unsafe(no_mangle)]
 pub extern "C" fn _start() {
    log_info("starting tcp server");
    let server_fd = match create_socket() {
        Ok(fd) => {
            log_num("socket fd=", fd as i64);
            fd
        }
        Err(err) => {
            log_num("socket() failed errno=", err.errno as i64);
            exit_with(1)
        }
    };
    if let Err(err) = bind_socket(server_fd, PORT) {
        log_num("bind() failed errno=", err.errno as i64);
        exit_with(1);
    }
    log_info("bound to 127.0.0.1");
    if let Err(err) = listen_socket(server_fd, BACKLOG) {
        log_num("listen() failed errno=", err.errno as i64);
        exit_with(1);
    }
    log_info("socket is now listening");
    print_string("TCP Server listening on port ");
    print_u16(PORT);
    print_string("\n");
    let mut counter: u32 = 0;
    loop {
        match accept_client(server_fd) {
            Ok(client_fd) => {
-                println!("Connect with: nc 127.0.0.1 {}", PORT);
+                log_num("accepted client fd=", client_fd as i64);
                print_string("Connect with: nc 127.0.0.1 ");
                print_u16(PORT);
                print_string("\n");
                counter += 1;
                let message = make_packet(counter);
                let _ = syscall3(SYS_WRITE, client_fd as u64, message.as_ptr() as u64, message.len as u64);
-                unsafe {
+                syscall1(SYS_CLOSE, client_fd as u64);
-                    let _ = write(
+                print_string("Closed\n");
-                        client_fd,
+            }
-                        message.as_bytes().as_ptr() as *const libc::c_void,
+            Err(err) => {
-                        message.len(),
+                log_num("accept() failed errno=", err.errno as i64);
-                    );
+                continue;
                }
                // let mut buf = [0u8; 1024];
                // loop {
                //     let n = unsafe {
                //         read(client_fd, buf.as_mut_ptr() as *mut libc::c_void, buf.len())
                //     };
                //     if n <= 0 {
                //         break;
                //     }
                // }
                unsafe {
                    println!("Closed");
                    close(client_fd);
                }
            }
            Err(_) => continue,
        }
    }
 }
-fn create_socket() -> Result<i32, NetError> {
+fn syscall1(num: i32, arg1: u64) -> i64 {
-    let fd = unsafe { socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0) };
+    let result: i64;
-    if fd < 0 {
+    unsafe {
-        return Err(NetError::DeviceError);
+        asm!(
            "syscall",
            in("rax") num as u64,
            in("rdi") arg1,
            lateout("rax") result,
            lateout("rcx") _,
            lateout("r11") _,
            options(nostack)
        );
    }
    Ok(fd)
 }
 fn bind_socket(fd: i32, port: u16) -> Result<(), NetError> {
    let addr = build_sockaddr(port);
    let result = unsafe {
        bind(
            fd,
            &addr as *const sockaddr_in as *const libc::sockaddr,
            std::mem::size_of::<sockaddr_in>() as socklen_t,
        )
    };
    if result < 0 {
        return Err(NetError::BindFailed);
    }
    Ok(())
 }
 fn listen_socket(fd: i32, backlog: i32) -> Result<(), NetError> {
    let result = unsafe { listen(fd, backlog) };
    if result < 0 {
        return Err(NetError::BindFailed);
    }
    Ok(())
 }
 fn accept_client(server_fd: i32) -> Result<i32, NetError> {
    let mut client_addr: sockaddr_in = unsafe { zeroed() };
    let mut client_len: socklen_t = std::mem::size_of::<sockaddr_in>() as socklen_t;
    let client_fd = unsafe {
        accept(
            server_fd,
            &mut client_addr as *mut sockaddr_in as *mut libc::sockaddr,
            &mut client_len,
        )
    };
    if client_fd < 0 {
        return Err(NetError::NoConnection);
    }
    Ok(client_fd)
 }
 fn build_sockaddr(port: u16) -> sockaddr_in {
    sockaddr_in {
        sin_family: libc::AF_INET as u16,
        sin_port: port.to_be(),
        sin_addr: libc::in_addr {
            s_addr: u32::from_le_bytes([127, 0, 0, 1]),
        },
        sin_zero: [0; 8],
    }
 }
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
 pub enum NetError {
    NoConnection,
    BindFailed,
    DeviceError,
 }
 impl core::fmt::Display for NetError {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut core::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> core::fmt::Result {
        match self {
            Self::NoConnection => write!(f, "No connection"),
            Self::BindFailed => write!(f, "Bind failed"),
            Self::DeviceError => write!(f, "Device error"),
        }
    }
 }
 fn make_packet(n: u32) -> SmallStr<16> {
    let mut result = SmallStr::<16>::new();
    result.push_slice(b"Packet #");
    push_number(&mut result, n);
    result.push(b'\n');
    result
 }
-fn push_number(s: &mut SmallStr<16>, n: u32) {
+fn syscall3(num: i32, arg1: u64, arg2: u64, arg3: u64) -> i64 {
-    if n == 0 {
+    let result: i64;
-        s.push(b'0');
+    unsafe {
-        return;
+        asm!(
            "syscall",
            in("rax") num as u64,
            in("rdi") arg1,
            in("rsi") arg2,
            in("rdx") arg3,
            lateout("rax") result,
            lateout("rcx") _,
            lateout("r11") _,
            options(nostack)
        );
    }
-    let mut digits = [0u8; 10];
+    result
-    let mut len = 0;
+}
-    let mut num = n;
+
-    while num > 0 {
+fn syscall6(num: i32, arg1: u64, arg2: u64, arg3: u64, arg4: u64, arg5: u64, arg6: u64) -> i64 {
-        digits[len] = b'0' + (num % 10) as u8;
+    let result: i64;
-        len += 1;
+    unsafe {
-        num /= 10;
+        asm!(
            "syscall",
            in("rax") num as u64,
            in("rdi") arg1,
            in("rsi") arg2,
            in("rdx") arg3,
            in("r10") arg4,
            in("r8") arg5,
            in("r9") arg6,
            lateout("rax") result,
            lateout("rcx") _,
            lateout("r11") _,
            options(nostack)
        );
    }
-    for i in (0..len).rev() {
+    result
-        s.push(digits[i]);
+}
 fn create_socket() -> Result<i32, SysErr> {
    let fd = syscall3(SYS_SOCKET, AF_INET as u64, SOCK_STREAM as u64, IPPROTO_IP as u64);
    if fd < 0 {
        return Err(SysErr::from_ret(fd));
    }
    Ok(fd as i32)
 }
 fn bind_socket(fd: i32, port: u16) -> Result<(), SysErr> {
    let addr = SockAddrIn {
        sin_family: AF_INET as u16,
        sin_port: port.to_be(),
        sin_addr: 0x0100007F,
        sin_zero: [0; 8],
    };
    let result = syscall6(
        SYS_BIND,
        fd as u64,
        (&addr as *const SockAddrIn) as u64,
        core::mem::size_of::<SockAddrIn>() as u64,
        0,
        0,
        0,
    );
    if result < 0 {
        return Err(SysErr::from_ret(result));
    }
    Ok(())
 }
 fn listen_socket(fd: i32, backlog: i32) -> Result<(), SysErr> {
    let result = syscall2(SYS_LISTEN, fd as u64, backlog as u64);
    if result < 0 {
        return Err(SysErr::from_ret(result));
    }
    Ok(())
 }
 fn syscall2(num: i32, arg1: u64, arg2: u64) -> i64 {
    let result: i64;
    unsafe {
        asm!(
            "syscall",
            in("rax") num as u64,
            in("rdi") arg1,
            in("rsi") arg2,
            lateout("rax") result,
            lateout("rcx") _,
            lateout("r11") _,
            options(nostack)
        );
    }
    result
 }
 fn accept_client(server_fd: i32) -> Result<i32, SysErr> {
    let mut addr: SockAddrIn = SockAddrIn {
        sin_family: 0,
        sin_port: 0,
        sin_addr: 0,
        sin_zero: [0; 8],
    };
    let mut addr_len: SockLen = SockLen::new();
    let client_fd = syscall6(
        SYS_ACCEPT,
        server_fd as u64,
        (&mut addr as *mut SockAddrIn) as u64,
        (&mut addr_len as *mut SockLen) as u64,
        0,
        0,
        0,
    );
    if client_fd < 0 {
        return Err(SysErr::from_ret(client_fd));
    }
    Ok(client_fd as i32)
 }
 #[derive(Clone, Copy)]
 struct SysErr {
    errno: i32,
 }
 impl SysErr {
    fn from_ret(ret: i64) -> Self {
        Self { errno: (-ret) as i32 }
    }
 }
-pub struct SmallStr<const N: usize> {
+fn exit_with(code: i32) -> ! {
-    data: [u8; N],
+    let _ = syscall1(SYS_EXIT, code as u64);
    loop {}
 }
 fn log_info(msg: &str) {
    write_stderr("[net] ");
    write_stderr(msg);
    write_stderr("\n");
 }
 fn log_num(prefix: &str, value: i64) {
    write_stderr("[net] ");
    write_stderr(prefix);
    print_i64_stderr(value);
    write_stderr("\n");
 }
 fn write_stderr(s: &str) {
    let _ = syscall3(SYS_WRITE, 2, s.as_ptr() as u64, s.len() as u64);
 }
 fn print_i64_stderr(n: i64) {
    if n < 0 {
        write_stderr("-");
    }
    print_u64_stderr(n.unsigned_abs());
 }
 fn print_u64_stderr(mut n: u64) {
    let mut buf = [0u8; 20];
    if n == 0 {
        buf[0] = b'0';
        let _ = syscall3(SYS_WRITE, 2, buf.as_ptr() as u64, 1);
        return;
    }
    let mut len = 0usize;
    while n > 0 {
        buf[len] = b'0' + (n % 10) as u8;
        len += 1;
        n /= 10;
    }
    let mut out = [0u8; 20];
    let mut i = 0usize;
    while i < len {
        out[i] = buf[len - 1 - i];
        i += 1;
    }
    let _ = syscall3(SYS_WRITE, 2, out.as_ptr() as u64, len as u64);
 }
 fn print_string(s: &str) {
    let stdout = 1u64;
    let buf_ptr = s.as_bytes().as_ptr();
    let len = s.len() as u64;
    let _ = syscall3(SYS_WRITE, stdout, buf_ptr as u64, len);
 }
 fn print_u16(n: u16) {
    let mut buf = [0u8; 6];
    let mut pos = 0;
    if n == 0 {
        buf[0] = b'0';
        pos = 1;
    } else {
        let mut digits = [0u8; 5];
        let mut count = 0;
        let mut num = n;
        while num > 0 {
            digits[count] = b'0' + (num % 10) as u8;
            count += 1;
            num /= 10;
        }
        let mut i = count;
        while i > 0 {
            i -= 1;
            buf[pos] = digits[i];
            pos += 1;
        }
    }
    let _ = syscall3(SYS_WRITE, 1u64, buf.as_ptr() as u64, pos as u64);
 }
 struct PacketBuf {
    data: [u8; 32],
    len: usize,
 }
-impl<const N: usize> SmallStr<N> {
+impl PacketBuf {
-    pub const fn new() -> Self {
+    fn new() -> Self {
        Self {
-            data: [0u8; N],
+            data: [0u8; 32],
            len: 0,
        }
    }
-    pub fn push(&mut self, byte: u8) {
+
-        if self.len < N {
+    fn push(&mut self, byte: u8) {
        if self.len < 32 {
            self.data[self.len] = byte;
            self.len += 1;
        }
    }
-    pub fn push_slice(&mut self, bytes: &[u8]) {
+
-        for &byte in bytes {
+    fn push_str(&mut self, s: &str) {
-            self.push(byte);
+        for &b in s.as_bytes() {
            self.push(b);
        }
    }
-    pub fn as_bytes(&self) -> &[u8] {
+
-        &self.data[..self.len]
+    fn push_u32(&mut self, n: u32) {
        if n == 0 {
            self.push(b'0');
            return;
        }
        let mut digits = [0u8; 10];
        let mut count = 0;
        let mut num = n;
        while num > 0 {
            digits[count] = b'0' + (num % 10) as u8;
            count += 1;
            num /= 10;
        }
        for i in (0..count).rev() {
            self.push(digits[i]);
        }
    }
-    pub fn len(&self) -> usize {
+
-        self.len
+    fn as_ptr(&self) -> *const u8 {
        self.data.as_ptr()
    }
 }
-impl<const N: usize> Default for SmallStr<N> {
+fn make_packet(n: u32) -> PacketBuf {
-    fn default() -> Self {
+    let mut buf = PacketBuf::new();
-        Self::new()
+    buf.push_str("Packet #");
-    }
+    buf.push_u32(n);
    buf.push(b'\n');
    buf
 }
 #[panic_handler]
 fn panic(_info: &core::panic::PanicInfo<'_>) -> ! {
    log_info("panic");
    loop {}
 }